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September 23, 2022

Iran
The Islamic Republic’s Power Centers

Who calls the shots in Iran on economic policy, security, and domestic calls for reform? A look at the government’s organization chart indicates how complicated the answer is.

Close up of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei giving an address

May 28, 2024

Elections and Voting
Ailing Democracy and Declining Women’s Representation: How They Are Related and What to Do About It

Annual reports on the health of democracy this year reaffirmed an ongoing trend of decline, which has occurred alongside a less heralded but related stalling of women’s political participation. Given…

A woman leaves after casting her vote at a polling station during the sixth phase of the general election, in New Delhi, India, May 25, 2024.

December 13, 2023

Trade
Visualizing 2024: Trends to Watch

What trends will shape world events in the year ahead? Five CFR experts weigh in.

May 31, 2024

Israel
U.S. Aid to Israel in Four Charts

Israel has long been the leading recipient of U.S. foreign aid, including military support. That aid has come under heightened scrutiny amid Israel’s monthslong war to eliminate Hamas.

U.S. and Israeli army officers talk in front a Patriot missile defense system.

October 30, 2020

Middle East and North Africa
How Erdogan Muscled Turkey to the Center of the World Stage

In the last decade, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has shaped Turkey into a revisionist power that challenges not just its neighbors, but also allies such as France and the United States.

 Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan waves while surrounded by members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

May 8, 2024

RealEcon
In Economic Security, Trade-Offs Abound

Policymakers face complex cost-benefit considerations when intervening in the market to mitigate perceived risks, from climate change to competition with China.

(L-R) European Council President Charles Michel, Italy's Primer Minister Giorgia Meloni, Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, France's President Emmanuel Macron, Japan's Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, US President Joe Biden, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, Britain's Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen pose for the family photo during a visit to the Itsukushima Shrine in Miyajima Island as part of the G7 Leaders' Summit, on May 19, 2023.

May 23, 2024

Middle East Program
Constitutions Thick and Thin

The sharp debate in Israel last year over “judicial reform” raised basic questions that arise in most democracies about constitutions: What are they meant to be and to do? Even the definition of a…

March 22, 2024

Climate Change
How Big a Climate Threat Are Atmospheric Rivers?

Atmospheric rivers are gaining in intensity across California and the western United States. Communities need to adapt to the havoc wrought by this weather phenomenon.

A brown river threatens to overflow alongside a highway.