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May 16, 2008

Iraq
Muqtada al-Sadr

The anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, virtually unknown before the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s government, has leveraged his family name to become one of the most influential Shiite leaders in m…

Backgrounder by Greg Bruno

November 18, 2022

Middle East and North Africa
What Is the Kafala System?

The kafala system regulates the lives of tens of millions of migrant laborers in the Middle East, but growing outrage over human rights abuses, racism, and gender discrimination has fueled calls for …

Workers are seen in the Lusail National Stadium, which is under construction for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Doha, Qatar.
Backgrounder by Kali Robinson

February 7, 2005

Saudi Arabia
SAUDI ARABIA: In al-Qaeda’s Sights

This publication is now archived. Is al-Qaeda now targeting Saudi Arabia?Yes, many experts say. Al-Qaeda attacked U.S. troops stationed in the oil-rich kingdom several times during the 1990s. But the…

Backgrounder by Claire Miller

February 2, 2005

Iraq
IRAQ: Iraq’s Governing Council

This publication is now archived. What is the makeup of the Iraqi Governing Council?A diverse mixture of Iraqis—including recently returned exiles, tribal leaders, women, religious Muslim conservativ…

Backgrounder by Sharon Otterman

February 16, 2005

Saudi Arabia
SAUDI ARABIA: U.S. Relations

This publication is now archived. What is the current state of U.S.-Saudi relations?Very strained. Because of mutual mistrust and suspicion, created by the war on terror and intensified by a recent c…

Backgrounder