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December 5, 2022

Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
A Guide to Global COVID-19 Vaccine Efforts

The swift development of effective vaccines against COVID-19 was an unprecedented scientific achievement. But production challenges, vaccine nationalism, and new variants have all presented hurdles.

Physician Alister Martin receives one of the first doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S., December 16, 2020.Craig F. Walker
Backgrounder by Claire Klobucista

April 13, 2007

Aging, Youth Bulges, and Population
The Effects of ‘Youth Bulge’ on Civil Conflicts

The presence of idle and unemployed young people in the developing world, or so-called “youth bulge,” is emerging as a catalyst for internal violence.

Backgrounder by Lionel Beehner

September 13, 2023

United Nations
What Is the UN General Assembly?

The General Assembly hosts a much-watched debate of world leaders annually. Its 2023 meeting is expected to emphasize climate change, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, and the war in…

A large UNGA sign is photographed in front of the United Nations buildings.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

May 14, 2009

Immigration and Migration
China’s Internal Migrants

China’s rapid economic development has been fueled in large part by a massive migration of rural workers to cities and industrial zones. Young, poorly educated, and highly mobile, these workers conti…

Backgrounder by Andrew Scheineson

July 19, 2023

United States
The Dollar: The World’s Reserve Currency

The dollar’s role as the primary reserve currency for the global economy allows the United States to borrow money more easily and impose painful financial sanctions. Other countries are beginning to …

Three $1 bills lie on top of one another, filling the frame.
Backgrounder by Anshu Siripurapu and Noah Berman Renewing America